Pronunciación

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Present Simple (Action Verbs)

Bueno ya vimos presente simple con el verbo to be. Ahora veamoslo con los action verbs

Action verbs are all the verbs that are not to be verbs, (verbos que no son ser o estar) for instance: play, run, go, study, work ... etc

Positive sentences:

Each verb has 2 conjugations in the simple present: one without to and one adding "s".
Examples:
to play -------- play / plays
to study ------ study / studies
to wrtie------- write / writes

to go ---------go / goes

So => he, she, it go with the "s" form and I, you, we, they with the simple form.

Examples:
Miguel watches tv everyday => He watches
My parents live in Lima => They live
I like dancing

She / he / it = "s" form (wants, play, goes, sleeps, eats ... etc)

I/we/you/they= simple form (want, play, go, sleep, eat ... etc)

You can make any positive sentence now. Suppose you want to say : " Mi mama quiere pizza"
Go to the dictionary what is "querer" en ingles => to want
Entonces:
My mother wants pizza => why wants? because my mother = she.

Notas del profesor:

Como ven las conjugaciones de los verbos son solo 2 : Una con "s" y la otra sin "s". Esto debería ser mas fácil pues en español tenemos :

Verbo Jugar

Yo - Juego
Tu - juegas

Nosotros/nosotras - jugamos >>>>En ingles : PLAY (play/plays) He She it > Plays We, you they > play

El ella usted - juega
ellos ellas ustedes - juegan
vosotros/vosotras- jugáis

Recuerden de ponerle la "s" cuando corresponda a la tercera persona singular.

My mother cooks everyday | My father works at night | My sister always studies

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Negative Structure:

He / she / it + doesn't + infinitive (work)

In negative we need AUXILIARIES (don't and doesn't)

I / we / you / they + don't + infinitive (play)

Examples:

+ Maria plays tennis every morning
- Maria doesn't play tennis

+ Juan works for a very important company.
- Juan doesn't work.

+ My parents live in France
- My parents (they) don't live in France.

+ I like to study English.
- I don't like to study English

NOTE:

REMEMBER: We do NOT use don't and doesn't with THE TO BE VERB

+ Patty is my sister
- She ISN'T my sister.

Notas del profesor:

Como ven las conjugaciones de los verbos en negativo son solo 2 :

doesn't + el verbo infinitivo | don't + el verbo infinitivo.

EL don't y el doesn't son auxiliares. Es decir, ayudan a los verbos (QUE NO SEAN TO BE).

Por ejemplo.

+ My father works for IBM.
- My father doesn't work for IBM

>>> Vemos que cuando se usa el doesn't ya no se le pone la "s" a el verbo (work). Esto es porque esta el auxiliar y le ayuda. En otras palabras, cuando pongan el negativo a verbos en presente simple que no sean to be, el que se conjuga son los verbos auxiliares (don't and doesn't) y no el verbo en si.

_________________________________________

Question structure

DO + I / you / they / we

<<<<<<<+>>>>>>>Infinitive (play, work, study)

DOES + he / she / it

Ejemplos:

(+) Maria cooks in the afternoons
(-) Maria doesn't cook in the afternoons
(?) When does Maria cook?

os:

(+) Juan has lunch at 12:30.
(-) Juan doesn't have lunch at 12:30.
(?) Does Juan have lunch at 12:30?


(+) You play soccer very well.
(-) You don't play soccer very well.
(?) Do you play play soccer very well?

(+) My friends like dancing.
(-) They don't like dancing
(?) Do they like dancing?


CONCLUSIONES

¿Cuando uso do and does?

- Se usa do en does en preguntas y en negativos (don't / doesn't) en el present simple siempre y cuando no sean verbos to be.

¿Cuando pongo la "s" en los verbos?

- Se le agrega la "s" cuando formen verbos en positivo en el present simple con verbos que no sean to be y que el sujeto sea la 3ra persona singular (HE, SHE, IT)

¿Que no sea to be? ¿A que te refieres?

- El verbo to be es ser o estar. Cuando utilizes estos 2 verbos en el present simple no se utiliza los auxiliares do y does. El verbo to be es mas simple pues solo se le agrega el NOT para negativo y para preguntas se invierte el verbo con el sujeto:

She is pretty ----- She is NOT pretty -------- Is she pretty?

Los verbos que no son to be pues son todos aquellos que no son ser y estar (work, smoke, play, sleep.... ETC ETC)

Ver clase del present simple con el verbo to be

¿Cuando utilizo el present simple?

- Para describir rutinas, hábito, hechos (water boils at 100 degress celcious - el agua hierve a 100), y cosas permanentes. El present simple no se utiliza para describir cosas que pasan en el momento.

Simple Present Tense - verb to be

Simple present tense (to be)

Nota: El verbo to be es solo un verbo en el ingles (ser o estar). Este post tocara solo el verbo to be.

to be = infinitive (verbo en bruto/ ser o estar)
Conjugaciones = am / is / are

I - am = I'm
he/she/it - is = he's, she's, it's
we/you/they - are = we're, you're they'e

This is the list and form of to be with the pronouns.

Max is a great student (is because Max is pronoun he) => He's a great student.
My father and brother are in Las Vegas (are because father and brother is pronoun they)

Question Form

To form questions we change the Subject and verb position.

Is he your father?
Is she your sister?
Is it your dog?
Are you students?


We can put question words (QW) before this order.
QW = who, where, what, when, how long ... etc.

Where is your girlfriend? What time is it? When is your birthday?
When are your brothers here?

Negative form

To form the negative (-) form just add not to the to be conjugation (am, is, are)

I'm not ------he, she, it + isn't (is+not) ------------we, you they + aren't (are+not)

or

I am not ------he's, she's, it's + not ----------we're, you're, they're + not

Examples:

Lima isn't in the Andes -- You aren't a nice person --- Shakira isn't Peruvian

Verbos comunes en el mundo de los negocios.

Hoy les traemos una lista de los verbos mas comunes en situaciones de negocio o de trabajo.

Recomiendo imprimir esta lista y tenerla a la mano para que puedan usar estos verbos. Muchos alumnos quieren aprender vocabulario pero de nada siver no incorporarlo en nuestras conversaciones e interacciones con los demas.

Cuantas veces nos quedamos frustrados al no tener la palabra en mente al querer expresarnos. Bueno, les dejo aca un link para que pueden bajar esta lista.

LISTA DE VERBOS MAS COMUNES EN SITUACIONES DE OFICINA O DE NEGOCIOS

English	Spanish
accept	aceptar
achieve	lograr algo
add	añadir /aumentar/ sumar
admit	admitir
advertise	hacer publicidad
advise	aconsejar
approve	aprobar
authorize	autorizar
avoid	evitar
borrow	pedir prestado
break	romper
build	construer
buy	comprar
calculate	calcular
call	llamar
cancel	cancelar
change	cambiar
charge for	cobrar por algo
check	revisar / checar
choose	elegir / escoger
complain	quejarse
complete	completar
confirm	confirmar
consider	considerar
convince	Convencer
count	Contar
decide	Decidirse
decrease	Decrecer
deliver	entregar / repartir / propinar
develop	Desarrolar
dismiss	despedir / dejar salir
dispatch	Despachar / enviar
distribute	distribuir
divide	Divider
drop	dejar caer
employ	contratar / emplear
encourage	animar / alentar
establish	establecer
estimate	estimar
exchange	intercambiar
extend	extender
fall	caerse
fix	arreglar / componer
fund	financiar
get worse	empeorar
improve	mejorar
increase	incrementar
inform	informar
install	instalar
invest	Inverter
invoice	facturar
join	unirse
lend	prestar
lengthen	alargar
lower	bajar
maintain	mantener / conservar en buen estado
manage	Administrar / dirigir
measure	medir
mention	mencionar
obtain	obtener
order	ordenar
organize	Organizer
owe	deber (a alguien)
own	tener (demuestra poseción)
pack	envasar/ empaquetar
participate	participar
pay	pagar
plan	planear
present	Presenter
prevent	prevenir
process	procesar
produce	Producer
promise	prometer
promote	promover
provide	proveer
purchase	comprar / adquirir
raise	levanter / alzar / elevar
reach	alcanzar
receive	recibir
recruit	recrutar
reduce	Reducer
refuse	rechazar
reject	rechazar (igual que “refuse”)
remind	Recorder
remove	remover
reply	Contester
resign	renunciar / dimitir
respond	responder
return	regresar
rise	subir
sell	vender
send	enviar
separate	separar
shorten	acortar
split	partir / divider
structure	estructurar
succeed	dar resultado / surtir efecto
suggest	sugerir
write	escribir
vary	Variar

Describing people

In this lesson we are going to talk about describing people’s appearance. This will be divided in general, height, weight, face & head and age.

• Height – Tamaño (Figura 1 a la derecha)

Tall (alto) —— Short (bajo)

medium height (Average height) —— estatura promedio

Look at the figure # 1 –>

Question:

How tall is Mary Pimm?

- She’s 1.60 meters tall. She is medium height.

And Tom?

- He’s 1.48 meters tall. He’s very short.

• Weight – Peso

Thin/slim —— delgado(a)

Fat / Overweight —— Gordo(a)

Medium weight (average weight)

Figura # 2

• Hair- Cabello

Length of hair (Tamano del cabello) – Figura #3

Short —— corto

long —— largo

Style:

Wavy —— ondeado

striaght —– lacio

curly —– frizado

• Face and head (figura # 4)

Skin color (color de piel)

White /fair —— blanco

Dark / black —— Oscuro / negro

Olive skin —— Piel trigueñ+a

Beard —— barba

moustache —— bigote

Examples (look at the figure):

-Sally has dark skin and black curly hair. (We can also say “Sally is black”)

-Polly has white skin and long straight hair. (We can also say “Polly is white”)

-Billy has a long beard.

- Harry has a mustache.

We can use the verb to have to describe skin color, to say if a person has a beard or mustache and to describe hair.

Example:

- Will Smith has dark skin

- My father has a long beard

Jobs: List of occupations.

How do you ask someone for her or his occpuation?

We can ask in different ways. We are going to review three main questions:

1) What do you do? (conversational)
2) What do you do for a living? (conversational)
3) What’s your occupation? (information)

You can use any of these questions. The only difference is that number 1 and 2 and more common in conversations and number 3 is more for information such as when you fill in a form.

Articles a/an

Remember that when we answer these questions we have to use a/an before the occupation when it is SINGULAR. Remember to use an before vowels or vowel sounds.

What do you do for a living?
- I’m a teacher.

What’s Maria’s occupation?
- She is an engineer.

When we talk about plural occupat¡ons we DO NOT use a/an and we use the plural form of the occupations.

What do they do?
-They are actors.

1. pharmacist - farmacéutico.

2. mechanic – mecánico
3. barber – peluquero
4. travel agent – agente de viajes
5. repairperson – técnico de reparaciones
6. tailor – costurero/sastre
7. greengrocer – verdulera
8. baker – panadero
9. optician – oculista/óptico
10. hairdresser – estilista
11. florist – florista
12. jeweller – joyero(a)
13. butcher – carnicero

A) Repair and Maintenance / Matenimiento y reparación

1. plumber – plomera
2. carpenter – carpintero
3. gardener – jardinero
4. locksmith – cerrajero
5. real estate agent – agente de bienes raíces
6. electrician – electricista
7. painter – pintor

B) Household Serivice / Servicios domésticos

8. housekeeper/maid – ama de llaves
9. janitor – empleado de limpieza
10. delivery boy – mensajero
11. doorman – portero

C) Factory Work / Trabajo en fábrica

12. shop worker – operario
13. foreman – capataz

A) Media and Arts – Medios de comunicación y las artes
1. weather forecaster – pronosticador del tiempo
2. newscaster – locutor de noticiero
3. artist – artista
4. photographer – fotógrafo
5. model – modelo
6. fashion designer – diseñador de moda
7. writer – escritor
8. architect – arquitecto
9. disc jockey
10. cameraperson – camarógrafo
11. reporter – reportero
12. salesperson – vendedor

B) Banking – En el banco
13. officer – oficial
14. security guard – guardia de seguridad
15. teller – cajero

C) Business Workers – Empleados de negocios
16. computer programmer – programador de computadora
17. receptionist – recepcionista
18. accountant – contador
19 messenger – mensajero

Christmas Vocabulary

Bethlehem	the town where Jesus was born – BELEN
candle	a cylinder of wax with a central string A solid, usually cylindrical mass of tallow that is burned to provide light. VELA
chimney	a vertical pipe in a house where Santa Clause come through to leave presents: CHIMENEA
Christ	another name for Jesus – CRISTO
Christian	a person who follows and believes in Christ – CRISTIANO
Christianity	the religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ – CRISTIANDAD
Christmas cake	a rich fruit cake that people eat at Christmas – TORTA/PASTEL de NAVIDAD
Christmas card	a greetings card that people send to friends and family at Christmas – TARJETA NAVIDEÑA
Christmas carol	a religious song that people sing at Christmas – VILLANCICOS
Christmas Eve	the evening before Christmas – NOCHEBUENA
Christmas holidays	the holiday period; a weerk before and after Christmas – FIESTAS NAVIDEÑAS
Christmas present	a gift that people give to others at Christmas – REGALOS NAVIDEÑOS
decoration/ornament	Used for decoration – ADORNOS (navideños)
egg-nog	a traditional Christmas drink made of alcohol with beaten eggs and milk – PONCHE DE HUEVO (muy común en USA)
fireplace	a space in a house where people light a fire – DONDE SE PRENDE EL FUEGO QUE VA A LA CHIMENEA
Joseph	Mary’s husband – JOSE
manger	used by Mary as bed for Jesus – PESEBRE
Mary	Jesus’ mother – MARIA
mistletoe	a plant with white berries, traditionally used as a Christmas ornament or decoration: MUÉRDAGO
nativity	the birth of a person – NATIVIDAD
the Nativity	the birth of Jesus Christ – SANTA NATIVIDAD
nativity play	a play based on the birth of Jesus – PIEZA TEATRAL BASADA EN EL NACIMIENTO DE JESUS
new year	the start of a year – AÑO NUEVO
New Year’s Day	the first year of the year, 1 January – DIA DE AÑO NUEVO
New Year’s Eve	31 December
present	a gift – REGALO
reindeer	a deer that pulls the sleigh for Santa Claus – RENO
shepherd	a person who looks after sheep -PASTOR
sleigh	a light cart pulled by a reindeer over snow and ice – TRINEO
snow	white flakes that covers the ground when it is cold – NIEVE
star	a bright point in the night sky – ESTRELLA
the star of Bethlehem	the star that announced the birth of Jesus – ESTRELLA DE BELEN
turkey	a bird traditionally eaten at Christmas – PAVO
white Christmas	a Christmas with snow on the ground – BLANCA NAVIDAD
Xmas	abbreviation or informal term for Christmas – NAVIDAD Christmas Expressions – Saludos y buenos deseos Merry Christmas! Happy Christmas Happy New Year! Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Wishing you a prosperous New Year All the best for the coming year Seasons Greetings!